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The most potent and selective inhibitors of 5α-R1 are found in this class, and include benzoquinolones, nonsteroidal aryl acids, butanoid acid derivatives, and more recognizably, polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially gamma-linolenic acid), zinc, and green tea.[7]Herbs and other inhibitors
Zinc,[24] riboflavin (vitamin B2),[25] azelaic acid,[24] β-sitosterol,[26] certain unsaturated aliphatic fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, myristoleic acid, and oleic acid,[27] and a variety of polyphenols[28] have been found to inhibit 5α-reductase activity to varying degrees. Other inhibitors include alizarin, curcumin, and green tea catechins, including (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, and (-)-epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG).[29] A chemical found in the Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum also is inhibitory.[1][30][31] Ganoderic acid[32] or organoderol B are thought to be the compounds in the mushroom that are specifically active.[33]
Valoneic acid dilactone and gallagyldilactone are two hydrolysable tannin polyphenols isolated from the heartwood of Shorea laeviforia[34] and oaks species such as the North American white oak (Quercus alba) and European red oak (Quercus robur) are inhibitory.[35] Certain pesticides are able to disturb the sex steroid hormone system and to act as antiandrogens.[36]
Medium chain fatty acids such as those found in coconut and the kernel of many palm fruits have also been found to inhibit 5α-reductase.[37]
Other herbs include:
Angelica koreana [38][39]
Garden Balsam or Rose Balsam (Impatiens balsamina)[40]
Pollen of Turnip, turnip rape, fast plants, field mustard, or turnip mustard (Brassica rapa)[41]
Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa)[42]
Euphorbia jolkinii[43][44]
Lingzhi mushroom or Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)[45]
Chinese Knotweed (Polygonum multiflorum)[46]
Black Pepper leaf extract (Piper nigrum) [47]
Red Stinkwood (Pygeum africanum)[48]
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens, active substance possibly lauric acid[49])[50][51]
Pine (Pinus sp. resin, active substance abietic acid)[52]
Ku Shen or Bitter root (Sophora flavescens)[53]
Japanese hedge parsley (Torilis japonica)[54]
Eastern Arborvitae, Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)[55]
Spore of Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum)[56]
These supplements have limited testing in human clinical trials, and their potential for the treatment of BPH, androgenic hair loss, and related conditions is unknown.
The most potent and selective inhibitors of 5α-R1 are found in this class, and include benzoquinolones, nonsteroidal aryl acids, butanoid acid derivatives, and more recognizably, polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially gamma-linolenic acid), zinc, and green tea.[7]Herbs and other inhibitors
Zinc,[24] riboflavin (vitamin B2),[25] azelaic acid,[24] β-sitosterol,[26] certain unsaturated aliphatic fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, myristoleic acid, and oleic acid,[27] and a variety of polyphenols[28] have been found to inhibit 5α-reductase activity to varying degrees. Other inhibitors include alizarin, curcumin, and green tea catechins, including (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, and (-)-epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG).[29] A chemical found in the Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum also is inhibitory.[1][30][31] Ganoderic acid[32] or organoderol B are thought to be the compounds in the mushroom that are specifically active.[33]
Valoneic acid dilactone and gallagyldilactone are two hydrolysable tannin polyphenols isolated from the heartwood of Shorea laeviforia[34] and oaks species such as the North American white oak (Quercus alba) and European red oak (Quercus robur) are inhibitory.[35] Certain pesticides are able to disturb the sex steroid hormone system and to act as antiandrogens.[36]
Medium chain fatty acids such as those found in coconut and the kernel of many palm fruits have also been found to inhibit 5α-reductase.[37]
Other herbs include:
Angelica koreana [38][39]
Garden Balsam or Rose Balsam (Impatiens balsamina)[40]
Pollen of Turnip, turnip rape, fast plants, field mustard, or turnip mustard (Brassica rapa)[41]
Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa)[42]
Euphorbia jolkinii[43][44]
Lingzhi mushroom or Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)[45]
Chinese Knotweed (Polygonum multiflorum)[46]
Black Pepper leaf extract (Piper nigrum) [47]
Red Stinkwood (Pygeum africanum)[48]
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens, active substance possibly lauric acid[49])[50][51]
Pine (Pinus sp. resin, active substance abietic acid)[52]
Ku Shen or Bitter root (Sophora flavescens)[53]
Japanese hedge parsley (Torilis japonica)[54]
Eastern Arborvitae, Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)[55]
Spore of Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum)[56]
These supplements have limited testing in human clinical trials, and their potential for the treatment of BPH, androgenic hair loss, and related conditions is unknown.
