A critical defect in type 2 diabetes is impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport and metabolism in muscle and adipocytes. To understand the metabolic adaptations this elicits, we generated mice with targeted disruption of the GLUT4 glucose transporter in both adipocytes and muscle (AMG4KO)
They develop fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance and are at risk for greater insulin resistance than mice lacking GLUT4
GLUT4, the major insulin-regulated glucose transporter, is expressed primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle and adipocytes, with low-level expression in a few other tissues (10, 11). GLUT4 expression is downregulated in adipocytes, while GLUT4 function is impaired in skeletal muscle in most type 2 diabetic patients (2). Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ, but it utilizes relatively little glucose compared with muscle.
Mice in which GLUT4 has been reduced in either tissue have glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
http://www.jci.org/articles/view/21341
The aim of this study was to determine if the previously described insulin resistance in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse is associated with a decrease in GLUT4 protein and if such changes occur early in the evolution of the syndrome.
GLUT4 levels were measured in whole membranes isolated from a variety of tissues in 4 and 20-week-old NZO and control NZC mice by Western blotting using a specific antibody to the C terminal end of the protein.
At 20 weeks of age, GLUT4 levels were lower in the NZO mice in brown and white adipose tissue, heart, diaphragm, red and white quadriceps, and red and white gastrocnemius, but not in soleus muscle. At 4 weeks of age, GLUT4 levels were 52% lower in BAT (3309 +/- 1006 vs 6951 +/- 1870 cpm P = 0.039) but were not lower in WAT, heart or red quadriceps. It is concluded that adult NZO mice have a decrease in GLUT4 levels in most insulin-sensitive tissues and that in BAT, this occurs at an early age.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7866477
Here, we investigated the effect of a zinc-chelated vitamin C (ZnC) compound on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with ZnC for 8 d significantly promoted adipogenesis, which was characterized by increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells.
Meanwhile, ZnC induced a pronounced up-regulation of the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and the adipocyte-specific gene adipocyte protein 2 (aP2).
These results indicate that ZnC could promote adipogenesis through PPARγ and C/EBPα, which act synergistically for the expression of aP2 and GLUT4, leading to the generation of insulin-responsive adipocytes and can thereby be useful as a novel therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, we demonstrated that ZnC significantly promoted the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by enhancing the expression of the key transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ and the related adipogenic target gene aP2.
Moreover, ZnC also stimulated the expression of GLUT4, a key regulator of insulin-mediated glucose transport in adipocytes. Taken together, these findings are helpful in understanding the insulin sensitizing and adipogenic properties of ZnC, which can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. However, further studies are needed to assess the specific mechanism underlying the observed effects of ZnC.
http://www.e-sciencecentral.org/articles/SC000000172
Από τις έρευνες αυτές φαίνεται ότι το γονίδιο glut4 που βρίσκεται στο μυικό ιστό αλλά και στον λιπώδη ιστό, όταν μειώνεται οδηγεί αυτούς τους ιστούς να αναπτύξουν αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη μιας και αυτό είναι ο μεταφορέας της γλυκόζης στα κύτταρα.
Από την άλλη, φαίνεται ότι μια συγκεκριμένη μορφή ψευδαργύρου εκτός του ότι αυξάνει αυτό το γονίδιο προκαλεί και λιπογένεση δημιουργώντας λιποκύτταρα τα οποία έχουν αυξημένη ευαισθησία στην ινσουλίνη.
Προφανώς για οραλ χρήση μοιάζει πολύ καλό, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΑ ΜΕ ΟΣΑ ΑΝΑΦΕΡΕΙ Η ΕΡΕΥΝΑ, αλλά αναρωτιέμαι κατά πόσο θα μπορούσε να ήταν εξίσου ενδιαφέρον για τοπική εφαρμογή με το σκεπτικό ότι αν καταφέρει να αυξήσει την λιπογένεση που αποδεδειγμένα είναι μειωμένη στα φαλακρά κεφάλια, ταυτόχρονα θα βοηθήσει και τα κύτταρα να ανταποκριθούν στην ινσουλίνη, αποθηκεύοντας στον πυρήνα τους γλυκόζη.:chinscratch
Μορφές αυτού του ψευδαργύρου μέχρι στιγμής έχω βρει αυτές
http://www.iherb.com/Pharmax-Zinc-C-CWS-1-fl-oz-30-ml/52017
http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trksid=p2053587.m570.l1313&_nkw=ZINC+ASCORBATE&_sacat=0&_from=R40