ναι για τοπική χρήση μιλάμε αλλά όχι απλή D3 αλλά calcipotriol
Apoptosis causes inactivation of vitamin D receptor in human hair derma papilla cells and human keratinocyte through VDR ablation
SY Kim1, MY Kim2, BC Park3, MN Kim2 and BJ Kim2 1Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and 3Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
Aims: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates regulation of epidermal homeostasis and hair growth. In contrast, VDR ablation hinders the maintenance of normal hair follicle. In recent studies, we found that VDR was decreased in alopecia areata (AA) and alopecia universalis (AU) lesions compared with the non-lesion areas. In this study we investigated the mechanism of VDR in cultured human hair dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and human keratinocytes.
Methods: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. We analyzed the expression levels of VDR, β-catenin, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt10b by western blot analysis. Also, VDR silencing was conducted using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for VDR in human hair (DPCs) and human keratinocytes. Also, VDR and cleaved caspase-3 expressions were determined using immune-fluorescence assay. (This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010–0021960).)
Results: We showed that VDR was expressed in human hair dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and human keratinocytes. Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR); LCA treatment induced upregulated expression of VDR and enhanced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed that VDR silencing downregulated protein VDR and β-catenin and attenuated expression levels of the VDR in both cells. Moreover, we found that VDR silencing dramatically decreased the viability, whereas co-administration with LCA significantly restored the viability, which is associated with VDR repression by LCA. Correspondingly, immune-fluorescence analysis showed that VDR silencing activated cleaved caspase-3 in human keratinocytes.
Conclusion: These results indicate that VDR plays a critical role in human hair DPCs and human keratinocyte cell survival.
Dickkopf-1, an inhibitor of Wnt, regulates hair follicle growth degeneration in human hair dermal papilla cells and is associated with downregulation of VDR through DKK1-released inflammatory cytokines
SY Kim1, HM Kim2, TR Kwon1, YS Song1 and BJ Kim2 1Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and 2Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Aims: Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) inhibits canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and maintains follicle anagen. In previous study, we found that DKK-1 suppressed the expressions of VDR and β-catenin in dermal papilla cells. This study examined the role of DKK1 in hair growth degeneration in human dermal papilla cells (DPCs).
Methods: Cell proliferation in human DPCs was assessed by MTT assay. We determined the levels of VDR, GSK-3β, and β-catenin by western blot analysis. Also, VDR expression was determined using immune-fluorescence assay in DKK1-treated cells. The role of DKK1 in human DPCs was examined by determining the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the expression levels of VDR, GSK-3β, and β-catenin using reconstruction of living skin equivalents (LSEs). (This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010–0021960).)
Results: We found that DKK1 did not alter DP cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, we found that DKK1 treatment reduced the expression of VDR and β-catenin in human DPCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As shown by immune-fluorescence analysis, DKK1 attenuated levels of VDR expression at a concentration of 50 ng ml−1. In addition, the LSE system containing human keratinocytes and DPCs showed that DKK1 downregulates VDR and β-catenin, whereas it upregulates GSK-3β. We observed that DKK1-treated cells showed upregulation of TNFR2 expression and enhanced cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with non-treated cells.
Conclusion: In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate that DKK1 reduced expression levels of VDR and β-catenin in DPCs through the cooperative effect of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we suggest that DKK1 promotes hair loss through the inflammation factor in human hair DPCs.