prosim, τα ω3 έχουν έναν εντελώς διαφορετικό μηχανισμό δράσης όσον αφορά την ινσουλίνη σε σχέση με τα ω6.
Θα σου επισυνάψω κάποια κείμενα από ένα pdf που έχω για να καταλάβεις πως τα ω3 μπορεί να είναι ευεργετικά για την φαλάκρα.
Καταρχήν στις πιο πίσω σελίδες, έχω αναφέρει μια έρευνα που αναφέρει πως στα φαλακρά κεφάλια, παρατηρείται φαινόμενο υποξίας.
Δες λοιπόν μια φοτο που φαίνεται το περιβάλλον μέσα στο οποίο αναπτύσσεται ο θύλακας μας.
Αυτό που δείχνει το κόκκινο βελάκι, είναι ο λιπώδης ιστός που βρίσκεται ακριβώς κάτω από τον θύλακα αλλά και κατά μήκος όλου του αγγειακού δικτύου.
Πάμε τώρα στο pdf να δούμε κάποια πράγματα που αφορούν τα λιπαρά και το λιπώδη ιστό σε όλο το σώμα μας γενικότερα.
Recent evidence has causally linked obesity and increased adiposity to the pathogenesis of
metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore,
adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation have been identified as major players in these disorders.
Long-chain (n-3) PUFA, namely EPA and DHA, have antiinflammatory properties (2). Moreover, they are well documented for
reducing plasma TG (3, 4) and these fatty acids exhibit antiobesity effects on humans (5) and rodents (6). (όπου TG, αφορά τα τριγλυκερίδια)
Nevertheless, some promising evidence suggests that
EPA and DHA might help delay the progression of metabolic syndrome to type 2 diabetes (13).
White adipose tissue is the major site for storage of excess energy in the body. It is composed of adipocytes, an extracellular matrix (ECM),8 vascular and neural tissues, and other cell types (14).
These other cell types include preadipocytes, fibroblasts, stem cells, and immune cells such as macrophages and T lymphocytes. Adipose tissue secretes numerous bioactive peptides collectively known as adipokines (15, 16).
Examples include hormones involved in energy and glucose homeostasis such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin; chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and IL-8; other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1, angiotensin-II, and TNF-α; and antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 (Table 1).
Thus, adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with major roles in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, and immune function
Όλοι αυτοί οι παράγοντες έχουν αναφερθεί ως φλεγμονή στα φαλακρά κεφάλια.
Στην παρακάτω φοτο φαίνεται πως είναι ένας υγιές λιπώδης ιστός και πως ένας λιπώδης ιστός που έχει υποστεί φλεγμονή. Κύριο χαρακτηριστικό του, είναι η υποξία.
Rodent studies show that increasing adipose tissue mass without a similar magnitude increase in supporting vasculature could lead to tissue hypoxia, triggering the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and inflammatory genes (26).
Similarly, oxygen partial pressure in subcutaneous adipose tissue negatively correlates with adiposity in humans (27).
Thus, hypoxia could be a trigger for adipose tissue inflammation.
Conversely, there are studies showing that adipose tissue inflammation can be reduced without changing adipose mass (40, 41). This is also consistent with our recent findings that
EPA reverses high-fat–induced metabolic disorders and adipose inflammation (42). In this study,
EPA supplementation reversed high-saturated fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis and increased adipose tissue MCP-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels in C57BL/6J mice.
Adipose tissue inflammation in obesity is characterized by macrophage infiltration (18, 44) (Fig. 1). Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are classified into 2 main types.
M1 or classically activated macrophages are stimulated by IFNγ and LPS and produce proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1 and reactive oxygen species such as NO (Fig. 1).
The TG-lowering and cardioprotective actions of EPA and DHA are well established. Additionally, rodent studies show that
EPA and DHA also prevent and reverse insulin resistance associated with high-fat (42) or high-sucrose feeding (9).
Because insulin resistance associated with these dietary conditions is due to defects in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and hepatic function (discussed above), it is particularly important to understand how EPA and DHA modulate the functions of these organs.
There are 2 possible mechanisms for these antiobesity effects of EPA and DHA.
First, these fatty acids are known to increase fatty acid oxidation in liver, adipose tissue (91), and small intestine (92) in rodents in vivo and adipocytes (93) and myotubules (94) in vitro.
Fish oil also increases fatty acid oxidation in humans with a reduction in respiratory quotient (89). Second, they are known to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis (Fig. 3).
Both these processes shift the balance of fatty acid metabolism toward oxidation rather than storage. EPA and DHA activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adipose tissue and cultured adipocytes, which could be a mechanism for their effect on fatty acid oxidation (95, 96).
Further, these PUFA are also known to induce mitochondrial biogenesis (3) (Fig. 4).
Recent evidence has highlighted the role of EPA and DHA in resolving inflammation, through mechanisms involving EPA-derived resolvin E1 and DHA-derived protectin D1 (108 ). In high-fat–fed mice, protectin D1 is lacking in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Moreover, transgenic restoration of
(n-3) PUFA and protectin D1 prevents the high-fat-diet–induced insulin resistance, highlighting the important role of this DHA derivative
Adipose stem cells are a major source of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue (22).
Φαίνεται λοιπόν καθαρά πως τα ω3 έχουν αντιφλεγμονώδη δράση, αλλά, παρόλο αυτά, ως πολυακόρεστα και αυτά οξειδώνονται, αλλά η διαφορά τους με τα ω6 είναι πως δεν αποθηκεύονται στους ιστούς και στα τοιχώματα των αγγείων προκαλώντας έτσι αθηροσκλήρωση.
Επίσης, μέσα από αυτόν τον μηχανισμό, ενδεχομένως να φαίνεται μια ύποπτη σχέση της φλεγμονής στον λιπώδη ιστό με όλα όσα σχετίζονται με την φλεγμονή που οδηγεί σε φαλάκρα....
Για την τεστοστερόνη θα σου πω περισσότερα μετά την επίσκεψη στον ενδοκρινολόγο μέσα στην εβδομάδα.